Behaviorism
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Behaviorism was the popular theory of the 20th century. This perspective emphasized that it is more important to understand observable human actions rather than thought processes. Behaviorism introduced the ideas of stimulus and response. A stimulus is any type of object or event occurring in the environment that will cause an individual to elicit behavior response. This falls under the category of Classical Conditioning.
Classical Conditioning
The term and concept of classical conditioning was developed by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. It focuses on the ability of stimuli to create responses from individuals. The most famous example was when Pavlov paired the neutral stimulus of a ringing bell, with the unconditioned stimulus of dog food leading to the unconditioned response of the dog salivating. The continuous pairing of the ringing bell and serving the dog food makes the dog associate the bell with being fed. As time progressed, Pavlov would ring the bell without then serving food. The first few times, the dog salivated. After the dog began to realize that food was no longer accompanying the bell, the dog no longer salivated. This is known as an extinction.
Operant Conditioning
Another type of conditioning is operant conditioning. This type of conditioning revolves around the terms reinforcement and punishment. There are two types of each of these. Positive reinforcement is adding something favorable for a desired response, whereas negative reinforcement is the removal of something unfavorable. The two types of punishments are punishment I and punishment II. Punishment I is the addition of something unfavorable, and punishment II is the removal of something favorable.
Classical Conditioning
The term and concept of classical conditioning was developed by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. It focuses on the ability of stimuli to create responses from individuals. The most famous example was when Pavlov paired the neutral stimulus of a ringing bell, with the unconditioned stimulus of dog food leading to the unconditioned response of the dog salivating. The continuous pairing of the ringing bell and serving the dog food makes the dog associate the bell with being fed. As time progressed, Pavlov would ring the bell without then serving food. The first few times, the dog salivated. After the dog began to realize that food was no longer accompanying the bell, the dog no longer salivated. This is known as an extinction.
Operant Conditioning
Another type of conditioning is operant conditioning. This type of conditioning revolves around the terms reinforcement and punishment. There are two types of each of these. Positive reinforcement is adding something favorable for a desired response, whereas negative reinforcement is the removal of something unfavorable. The two types of punishments are punishment I and punishment II. Punishment I is the addition of something unfavorable, and punishment II is the removal of something favorable.
As a teacher and coach, punishments and rewards will be extremely important to my success in each profession. I will need to know how to properly discipline students and players alike. I will need to know which punishments and rewards are appropriate for certain situations or actions that occur. I will not want to assign a punishment that is not worthy of the action itself. It will be absolutely pertinent that I understand proper consequences for actions performed, whether it be on the football or baseball field or in the classroom.